Les paradoxes de l'innovation ouverte: vers un changement de paradigme pour la Défense

Defence innovation policies are in contradiction with open innovation because they are traditionally based on the search for stability of critical skills mastered by a closed perimeter of actors. Based on the study of the French case, this research investigates the open innovation paradoxes and how to manage them. Two innovation models co-exist and interact: closed innovation oriented toward the Defence Industrial and Technological Base (BITD), and open innovation aimed at links with a variety of innovation ecosystems. This hybrid model of innovation is based on differentiation, and integration modes of management orchestrated by an agency. This also requires the mobilization of a variety of intermediaries who play the role of sensors of ideas and skills external to the BITD.