French energy policy: A gradual transition

Over the past decade, France has gradually adapted its energy policy to bring it into line with its international environmental commitments. Historically based on independence and sobriety criteria, French energy policy now prioritises the environmental and climate impact of its energy mix. However, chaotic or fuzzy public policies make this transition gradual and non-linear. This paper analyses the recent developments in French energy policy by placing it in its international context. After an analysis of the general situation of the country, we examine the main lines of the French public policy in three main areas: transport, power generation and heating. Then, we conclude with the political implications for the future.