Les comportements d'emprunt des régions françaises. Quel degré d'hétérogénéité?
This paper provides empirical evidence of the heterogeneous borrowing behaviours of French regions, despite a common accountability constraint that forces them to balance their budget and to borrow only to finance investment expenditure (golden rule).
Les groupes pétroliers des pays émergents, de nouveaux acteurs économique et politique sur la scène internationale
In two decades, the companies oil and gas of the emerging nations, like Petrobras, SINOPEC or ONGC became essential actors of the international economy. Their presence and their influence in Africa, Latin America or Central Asia weaken the interests of the United States and the European Union.